pdf (الإنجليزية)

 

https://doi.org/10.66358/sozusa.v5i2.002

Hydro chemical Characteristics and Portability of Consumer Water Sources in Arid Regions: A Case Study of Biskra (South-East of Algeria)

  • Lynda Hecini ¹*, Khouloud Belhdj 2, Kheled Amiri 3, Wahida Kherifi 4, Fedia Bekiri 5, Amina Belhadj 6, Raouya Hadji 7, Salsabil Ouamane8

Abstract

This study evaluates the hydro chemical properties of eleven water samples in Biskra region. The sources studied included six tap water samples from different urban neighborhoods, three groundwater samples distributed by tanker trucks, and two samples (raw and treated water) from the Bouchegroun desalination plant. The physicochemical properties were systematically analyzed. Statistical evaluation was performed using SPSS software, applying one-way ANOVA to identify statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in the mean physicochemical values ​​between the water sources and different areas, followed by Tukey’s HSD test to identify homogeneous subgroups. All experimental results were rigorously compared with national standards and WHO guidelines. Nitrate concentrations in all samples were found to be acceptable, being less than 50 mg/L. The water quality index classification results showed that the tap water was of poor quality, containing high levels of salinity, electrical conductivity, chloride, and sulfate, significantly exceeding the limits permitted in Algeria and by the WHO. This indicates the need for water treatment before use for human consumption. In contrast, groundwater samples transported by tankers showed mineralization that met standards and were classified as potable. Furthermore, the reverse osmosis membrane technology used at the Bouchegroun desalination plant demonstrated outstanding performance, achieving an overall ion rejection and treatment efficiency of 90%. This underscores the high reliability of reverse osmosis technology in reducing salinity and successfully converting brackish groundwater into high-quality freshwater suitable for drinking under arid climatic constraints. This study will assist decision-makers in the region to make informed decisions regarding tap water treatment for human consumption.

Keywords: Groundwater quality, Potability, Reverse Osmosis, One-way ANOVA, Algerian standards, WHO guidelines

 

المستخلص:

تقيّم هذه الدراسة الخصائص الهيدروكيميائية لإحدى عشرة عينة مياه في منطقة بسكرة. تشمل المصادر المدروسة ست عينات من مياه الصنبور من أحياء حضرية مختلفة، وثلاث عينات من المياه الجوفية وُزعت بواسطة شاحنات صهريجيه، وعينتين (مياه خام ومياه معالجة) من محطة بوشغرون لتحلية المياه. وتم تحليل الخصائص الفيزيائية والكيميائية بشكل منهجي. أُجري التقييم الإحصائي باستخدام برنامج SPSS، بتطبيق تحليل التباين أحادي الاتجاه لتحديد الفروق ذات الدلالة الإحصائية (p < 0.05) في متوسط ​​القيم الفيزيائية والكيميائية بين مصادر المياه والمناطق المختلفة، متبوعًا باختبار Tukey HSD لتحديد المجموعات الفرعية المتجانسة. تمت مقارنة جميع نتائج التجارب بدقة مع المعايير الوطنية وإرشادات منظمة الصحة العالمية. وتبين أن تركيزات النترات في جميع العينات كانت مقبولة، حيث كانت أقل من 50 مغ/لتر. وأظهرت نتائج تصنيف مؤشر جودة المياه أن مياه الصنبور كانت ذات جودة رديئة، إذ احتوت على مستويات عالية من الملوحة والتوصيل الكهربائي والكلوريد والكبريتات، متجاوزة بشكل ملحوظ الحدود المسموح بها في الجزائر ومن قِبل منظمة الصحة العالمية. في المقابل، أظهرت عينات المياه الجوفية المنقولة بواسطة صهاريج، تمعدنًا متوافقًا مع المعايير، وصُنفت على أنها صالحة للشرب. علاوة على ذلك، أظهرت تقنية أغشية التناضح العكسي المستخدمة في محطة بوشغرون لتحلية المياه أداءً متميزًا، حيث حققت كفاءة إجمالية في رفض الأيونات ومعالجتها وصلت الى 90%. يؤكد هذا على الموثوقية العالية لتقنية التناضح العكسي في تخفيف الملوحة وتحويل المياه الجوفية قليلة الملوحة بنجاح إلى مياه عذبة عالية الجودة صالحة للشرب في ظل قيود مناخية قاحلة، وبالتالي، ستساعد هذه الدراسة صناع القرار في المنطقة على اتخاذ قرارات مستنيرة بشأن معالجة مياه الصنبور للاستهلاك البشري.

الكلمات المفتاحية: جودة المياه الجوفية، صلاحية الشرب، التناضح العكسي، تحليل التباين أحادي الاتجاه، المعايير الجزائرية، إرشادات منظمة الصحة العالمية

 

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